Check existing sprinkler systems for efficiency. Adjust heads to spray onto planted areas only. For new systems and old ones, make sure that you have uniform coverage so that you don't have to drown one spot to get enough water on another. If areas with different requirements, such as lawn and shrubs, are on the same valve, install separate valves.

Check your valves, pipes, sprinkler risers and drip connections for leaks. Leaks are likely to occur outdoors, where they are apt to go undetected. Even a small leak can waste hundreds of gallons of water in a single day.

Install a drip system with a fertilizer injector to feed your plant roots. Drip systems minimize run-off, encourage root growth and are excellent for watering shrubs and trees. Coil the drip hose around the tree and insert a few drippers for good coverage. A drip system can be used not only to water, but also to apply fertilizer.

Install a drip system. Penetration is better, evaporation less, and weed growth is minimized because water is applied where it's needed.

Convert your manual valves to automatic by using an AC controller and solenoid, or a battery operated controller. This will allow you to water in the early morning when evaporation and wind are lowest. Be sure to check frequently, to see that the right amount of water is being applied.

Install a rain shut-off device on your automatic controllers to avoid watering during a rainfall.